Drc referendum law explained: constitutional changes and next steps

In a landmark decision, lawmakers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo have overwhelmingly approved a new referendum law, setting the stage for potential constitutional reforms. The move has drawn sharp criticism from opposition figures who argue it could pave the way for President Félix Tshisekedi to seek a third term in office. But what does the legislation entail, and how might it lead to changes in the country’s foundational charter?

The new law, passed by the National Assembly with near-unanimous support, outlines the framework for organizing a referendum. Critics warn this is merely the first step in a broader effort that could ultimately alter the Constitution. The proposed changes would remove term limits, allowing the incumbent to extend his stay in power—a move that has sparked nationwide debate.

what are the key provisions of the referendum law?

The approved legislation specifies the procedures for conducting a national vote, including voter registration, polling station organization, and result verification. However, its most controversial aspect lies in the potential to trigger constitutional amendments. Under current DRC law, a referendum can be used to approve changes to the Constitution, provided they are not deemed contrary to democratic principles or human rights.

The text does not explicitly mention term limits, but its adoption signals the government’s intent to push for broader reforms. The next phase would require a two-thirds majority in both houses of parliament to approve the proposed changes before they can be put to a public vote.

how could this lead to constitutional changes?

Constitutional revisions in the DRC follow a strict process. First, parliament must approve the changes with a supermajority. If successful, the amendments are then submitted to a national referendum. A majority vote would make the reforms legally binding. Opposition figures argue that the current government is manipulating this process to consolidate power, while supporters claim it is a legitimate effort to modernize governance.

The timeline remains uncertain, but political analysts suggest that if the reforms proceed, a referendum could be held within the next 12 to 18 months. The stakes are high—this could reshape the country’s political landscape for decades.

what happens next?

The government has not yet announced a formal timeline for the referendum, but several key steps must occur before the process can advance. Parliament will need to draft and approve the specific constitutional amendments, which will then require public debate. Civil society groups and opposition parties are expected to challenge the move, potentially leading to legal battles or protests.

In the coming weeks, the DRC’s political class will face mounting pressure to clarify its intentions. Will the reforms proceed as planned, or will public backlash force a reconsideration?

The outcome could define the future of Congolese democracy—and determine whether Félix Tshisekedi remains at the helm beyond 2026.